Download PDF:  S107 V002 Tafseer of Ahlus Sunnah تفسیر اھل السنۃ

فَذٰلِکَ الَّذِیۡ یَدُعُّ الْیَتِیۡمَ ۙ﴿۲﴾

Then he is the one who drives away the orphan.

 

Tafsir al-Tabari                                                             تفسیر الطبری

هُوَ الَّذِي يَدْفَعُ الْيَتِيمَ عَنْ حَقِّهِ، وَيَظْلِمُهُ.

i.e. he is the one who drivers away the orphan without fulfilling his rights and oppresses him.

 

Tafsir Al-Tabari (Tafsir Ibn Jareer / Jame’ al-Bayaan fi Taweel al-Quraan) of Imam Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jareer al-Tabri t D. 310 A.H.

 

Tafsir al-Kabeer                                                                                                 التفسیر الکبیر

حَكَى الْمَاوَرْدِيُّ أَنَّهَا نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي جَهْلٍ، وَرُوِيَ أَنَّهُ كَانَ وَصِيًّا لِيَتِيمٍ، فَجَاءَهُ وَهُوَ عُرْيَانٌ يَسْأَلُهُ شَيْئًا مِنْ مَالِ نَفْسِهِ، فَدَفَعَهُ وَلَمْ يَعْبَأْ بِهِ فَأَيِسَ الصَّبِيُّ، فَقَالَ لَهُ أَكَابِرُ قُرَيْشٍ: قُلْ لِمُحَمَّدٍ يَشْفَعْ لَكَ، وَكَانَ غَرَضُهُمُ الِاسْتِهْزَاءَ وَلَمْ يَعْرِفِ الْيَتِيمُ ذَلِكَ، فَجَاءَ إِلَى النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ وَالْتَمَسَ مِنْهُ ذَلِكَ، وَهُوَ عَلَيْهِ الصَّلَاةُ وَالسَّلَامُ مَا كَانَ يَرُدُّ مُحْتَاجًا فَذَهَبَ مَعَهُ إِلَى أَبِي جَهْلٍ فَرَحَّبَ بِهِ وَبَذَلَ الْمَالَ لِلْيَتِيمِ فَعَيَّرَهُ قُرَيْشٌ فَقَالُوا: صَبَوْتَ، فَقَالَ: لَا وَاللَّهِ مَا صَبَوْتُ، لَكِنْ رَأَيْتُ عَنْ يَمِينِهِ وَعَنْ يَسَارِهِ حَرْبَةً خِفْتُ إِنْ لَمْ أُجِبْهُ يَطْعَنْهَا فِيَّ

Imam Mawaradi – may Allah be pleased with him – has narrated that it was revealed about Abu Jahl.

He was the guardian of orphans.  An orphan child came to him naked, asking him for some money for himself, so he chased him away with utter disregard.  The child became sad.  The elders of Quraish told him, “Tell Muhammad (may Allah send peace and blessings upon him) to intercede for you.”  They said that to ridicule him but the child did not realize it and came to the Holy Prophet – may Allah send peace and blessings upon him – and begged him.  The Holy Prophet – may Allah send peace and blessings upon him – never drove a needy away.  So he went to Abu Jahl with him.  He welcomed him and gave money to the orphan.  The Quraish made him feel ashamed and said, “Did you give in?”  He replied, “No, by God, I did not, but I saw spears on his right and left.  I feared that if I do not give, he will pierce them through my mouth.”

 

Tafsir al-Kabeer (Mafateeh al-Ghaib) of Imam Fakhruddin Muhammad ibn Umar al-Raazi al-Shafe’i t D. 606 A.H.

 

Tafsir al-Qurtubi                                                                                                                         تفسیر القرطبی

قَالَ ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ: نَزَلَتْ فِي أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، وَكَانَ يَنْحَرُ فِي كُلَّ أُسْبُوعٍ جَزُورًا، فَطَلَبَ مِنْهُ يَتِيمٌ شَيْئًا، فَقَرَعَهُ بعصاه، فأنزل الله هذه السورة.

Sayyiduna Ibn Juraij – may Allah be pleased with him – said: It was revealed about Abu Sufyan (may Allah be pleased with him – prior to embracing Islam).  He used to slaughter one camel every week.  An orphan asked him for something, but (instead of giving him something to eat) he hit him with his stick.  Allah Almighty then revealed this Surah.

 

أَنَّهُمْ كَانُوا لَا يُوَرِّثُونَ النِّسَاءَ وَلَا الصِّغَارَ، وَيَقُولُونَ: إِنَّمَا يَحُوزُ الْمَالَ مَنْ يَطْعَنُ بِالسِّنَانِ، وَيَضْرِبُ بِالْحُسَامِ.

They never gave anything to women and children from their assets, and used to say, “The only people who deserve money are the ones who are capable of fighting with the spear and sword.”

 

وَرُوِيَ عَنِ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَنَّهُ قَالَ: [مَنْ ضَمَّ يَتِيمًا مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ حَتَّى يَسْتَغْنِيَ فَقَدْ وَجَبَتْ لَهُ الْجَنَّةُ [.

The Holy Prophet – may Allah send peace and blessings upon him – is reported to have said: Whoever joined an orphan (as his family) until he becomes self-sufficient, Paradise has become incumbent upon him.

 

Tafsir Qurtubi (Al-Jame’ Li Ahkaam al-Quran) Imam Shamsuddin Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Qurtubi t D. 671 A.H.